Advertising Strategy of Coca-Cola

What is advertisement? Advertisement is Paid, non-personal, public communication about causes, goods and services, ideas, organizations, people, and places, through means such as direct mail, telephone, print, radio, television, and internet. Objective of advertisement are to inform, persuade and motivate potential customers, but also has a strategic significance for the company’s image in whole or brand the product belongs. Advertisement strategies are varying among the regions. The types of advertisement used in a region are depending on its culture, norms, religion, tradition and language.The advertisement that are used in Western and Asia is very different in every aspect. I will take Coca-Cola to compare strategies of advertisement that have been used in western and Asia. In Asian countries Coca-Cola’s strategy is mostly depend on entertainment and youths. But in Western countries the strategy is a bit different. They try to promote the drink is healthy and safe to drink. Even Coca-Cola has introduced Diet Coke to attract people in Western country. The Western people more take care about their health compare to Asians.So they have to show the drink is suitable for a healthy lifestyle. Another important aspect of Coca-Cola Company’s advertisement in Western countries is they like to use woman and sex element. Most of their advertisements are with sexy ladies who are models or actresses holding the drink or holding it in their hand. In Western countries it is very normal to promote a product in this way. But in Asian countries it is very hard to do such advertisement because most countries have strict regulations and very religious.Asian countries give importance to cultural values and they are against sex elements in advertisement. Coca-Cola’s advertisement in Asian countries gives importance to youths and youngsters. They advertisement normally shows that they will get new energy after drink it. They will so energetic and can do things without getting tired. But in Western countries they give importance to all. Even they use children also in advertisement to attract them to drink Coca-Cola. The company give equal importance to adults also.The Coca-Cola’s advertisement in Asia also gives importance to Asian festivals and celebration. For every festival and celebration like Chinese New Year, Independence Day, Christmas and so on Coca-Cola will introduce new advertisement to promote their product. Sometimes they insert the cultural values in these advertisements. But in Western countries the situation is very different. Cultural values of Asians and Western people are very different. So large companies like Coca-Cola have to differentiate their advertisement according to region to survive and lead the market.

Position/Competition/Branding of Apple Iphone

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY MMPG: Position/Competition/Branding of Apple iPhone OLAMIDE O. BELLO 11/20/2012 STRATEGIC MARKETING MANAGEMENT (BUSINESS 520) PROFESSOR: DR. ANDREW HONEYCUTT Smart Phone Market Samsung, the Korean tech giant, is the leader in the Smartphone following the third quarter, extending its lead over Apple (Gartner's report released on Wednesday this week). The Android-based Galaxy smart phones have a very strong sales compare to Apple which makes android the lead in the global Smartphone market accounting for 32. percent of the worldwide market share (UCStrategies Staff). Google acquired Android Inc. in 2005, after 2years, Google declare android distribution public in late 2007. Today Android is leading the smart phone market(UCStrategies Staff). The strengths: Decentralized Distribution: Android found strength in mass distribution, pleased companies such as HTC, Samsung and Motorola by offering them competitive platform for free, this help reduce the production cost and pass the savings to the consumer.With such competitive platform at a reduced price, consumer can easily change to android phone cheaply with no contract and android works on any mobile operator(The Next Web). The weaknesses: Mixed Results: Since different carrier and manufacturers do have freedom to used android, this brings no standard and control to android usage. Crappy hardware can depreciate the value of the android and lead to terrible experience. With different manufacturer customize android with no universal standard create consumer confusion.So decentralized distribution is also the android weakness(The Next Web). Product Branding Branding as been defined as â€Å"a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those competitors†(Kotler). Apply is great at branding compare to other competitor, it takes less than a second to identify apple iPhon e just by the look and the logo unlike other competitors. Apple OS only runs on apple phone and there is not third manufacturer involved. Also Case Study will describe why Apple Inc. is a very successful company.Apple brands brings intense, active loyalty, positive, accessible reaction, point-of-parity ; difference, deep and broad brand awareness to iPhones (Kotler p. 249). With Apple branding, iphone design and functionality become difficult to compromise. References The Next Web Retrieved from http://thenextweb. com/mobile/2011/11/14/androids-strength-is-also-its-weakness-decentralization/ Unified Communication Strategies: Samsung Leads Global Smartphone Market Retrive from http://www. ucstrategies. com/unified-communications-newsroom/samsung-leads-global-smartphone-market. aspx Marketing Management by Kotler Keller

Sufficiently demonstrated this through my actions

I would like to state that I am executing this letter to manifest to the creditors and financial institutions concerned that I am an individual of good credit standing and that I am qualified and eligible for the Housing Loan that I am applying for.I am well aware of the fact that recent events may lead some to believe that there may be some concerns with regard to my credit worthiness.   I would like to personally assure the concerned parties that there is no need for such.   In order to assuage the fears of my creditors, I feel that it is best to provide a clear explanation of the events that have recently transpired.The events in question all began in 2003 when I filed for bankruptcy.   This was because I was going through a difficult time in my life as I was supporting my ex-husband and had a number of marital issues to deal with.   I had applied for three (3) credit cards that same time and was given approval for all of them.   Unfortunately, I was not able to settle m y outstanding balance because I was forced to relocate from Colorado to Georgia due to grave threats that my ex-husband had issued.I understand these events do not excuse nor exempt me from any financial liability or obligation that I have with the financial institutions concerned.   In my defense, I would like to make mention of the fact that despite these events and circumstances I have gotten in contact with all my previous creditors and have apprised them of my previous situation.   After my discussion with these companies, I was able to resolve the problems.   Soon after that I was also able to secure a stable job and have really improved my financial standing.I am a person of principle and one of those principles is in settling my debts to others.   I do not only proudly say this but also feel that I have sufficiently demonstrated this through my actions.   I am confident of my financial position at this time and feel that my credit worthiness is not a matter that my self or anyone else for that matter should be concerned about.

Disclosure in Financial reports in Industrial Companies in Libya Research Proposal

Disclosure in Financial reports in Industrial Companies in Libya - Research Proposal Example Additionally, Libya has been the focus of much international scrutiny following the high-publicized released of convicted Lockerbie mastermind Abdel Baset al-Megrahi from a Scottish prison early last month and the eyes of the world are once again on Libya, a former pariah state according to many leaders of the Western world but today a partner in economic development and prosperity. Thus, accusations that Mr. al-Megrahi was released by Scottish authorities to facilitate economic relations between Great Britain and Libya emphatically demonstrate the important economic ties between Libya and the rest of the modern, developed world. Seeking to understand economic development and the increased necessity of the disclosure of industrial financial reports in the Libyan context, this research proposal aims to provide a thorough and comprehensive introduction to a new Libyan phenomenon. As Libya opens up its markets to the forces of liberal economics and seeks to compete with Western actors o n the economic stage, the issues of openness and transparency will increase. How salient are issues surrounding the disclosure of industrial financial reports in the Libya today? Is Libya prepared for increased transparency in the realm of financial reporting? Are industrial companies in Libya equipped to fully disclose their personal financial records? Is full disclosure relevant in the Libyan context? (Cowell and Sulzberger, 2009; Otman & Karlberg, 2007) These questions and many more will be elaborated upon further in this analysis. This will be followed by a description of our methodology and questions surrounding measurement and the coding of variables. Seeking to employ a multifaceted qualitative/quantitative analysis, this project aims to utilize both forms of analysis. We will conclude with a concise overview of this important project proposal

To Build a Strong Brand within the Fashion Industry Literature review

To Build a Strong Brand within the Fashion Industry - Literature review Example Strong brand provides intangible value to the companies those results in the enhanced productivity, profitability and better relationship with the customers. (Pride, and Farrel, 2011, p. 351) This is probably the reason due to which many of the marketing gurus believe often say that product are manufactured in the factories, but brand are built in the minds’ of the customers. Reason Building strong brand in the fashion industry benefits the marketers in several ways such as reducing the issues related to the price sensitivity, increasing market share revenue, and brand equity and customer loyalty (Admedia, 2007, p.1) Benefits of Branding Branding helps both the buyers and the sellers. From the perspective of a buyer branding helps the buyers to identify the products that the buyers like or dislike; it helps the buyers to identify the desired marketer; Branding helps the buyers to properly evaluate the quality of the products; Branding helps the buyers to reduce the risks relat ed to purchase (Stafford and Faber, 2005, p. 139). From the perspective of the sellers branding helps the sellers to differentiate the offerings from that of the competitors; Branding also helps the sellers in market segmentation via creation of tailored made images, e.g. contact lenses is to Fast track; Brand helps the companies to reduce price competition that in leads to reduction of chances of price wars; Branding helps the marketers to launch new product that may carry the name of one or more products. This technique is well known as brand extension. This helps the company to reduce the risks related to introduction a new product; successfully... From this research it is clear that branding helps both the buyers and the sellers. From the perspective of a buyer branding helps the buyers to identify the products that the buyers like or dislike; it helps the buyers to identify the desired marketer; Branding helps the buyers to properly evaluate the quality of the products; Branding helps the buyers to reduce the risks related to purchase. From the perspective of the sellers branding helps the sellers to differentiate the offerings from that of the competitors; Branding also helps the sellers in market segmentation via creation of tailored made images, e.g. contact lenses is to Fast track; Brand helps the companies to reduce price competition that in leads to reduction of chances of price wars; Branding helps the marketers to launch new product that may carry the name of one or more products. This technique is well known as brand extension. This helps the company to reduce the risks related to introduction a new product; successf ully brand building exercises helps the company to increase brand loyalty; Branding also help the marketers to charge premium prices for a particular brand. A part from the core benefits successful brands also help the companies to deliver added value Such added values help the brand to differentiate the products from that of the competitors. I practices properly brands can help the customers recognize the added value which may lead the customers to make the final purchase. A consumer may be looking for assurance of quality under probable circumstances where the customers are not sure about the final purchase decision.

What is the significance of parthenogenesis in her underground Term Paper

What is the significance of parthenogenesis in her underground - Term Paper Example From the biological point of view this is a significant word that defies scientific principles and highlights the processes created naturally. The biological situation about Jesus during embryological development is the issue to be taken note of and all the process till His birth are known as parthenogenetic. God arrived to the human race, not through the normal sexual processes. Parthenogenesis is reproduction by a virgin. This supports the natural processes happening in the world though the physical aspects of Incarnations. Virgin births among the animals are known for centuries, but parthenogenesis is occasional amongst human beings. Knowledge about parthenogenesis has developed extensively and it covers most of the groups of multicellular animals and they reveal unisexual reproduction of one type or another. â€Å"But parthenogenesis is genuine sexual reproduction because it also uses sex cells,† (Kessel) yet is different from the normal union of

Everything is Illuminated, The Mission, and Little Buddah Movie Review

Everything is Illuminated, The Mission, and Little Buddah - Movie Review Example Jonathon makes the journey to Ukraine to try and find the mystery woman who helped his grandfather during his time of need. Another meaning from the statement that Jonathon gives is that he wants to discover his own background. Something that Jonathon maybe think is about is the fact that he would not exist without this woman helping his grandfather. If there is a chance that she is still alive, then Jonathon wants to meet her and possibly thank her. Jews by nature are very religious people who have had a long and turbulent history. It is this history that helps them to keep going. Modern day Jews wants the story of the Holocaust to be taught because they do not want the wrongs of the past to be repeated in the future. Jonathon feels like his history is an important part of who he is today, so he should do everything possible to learn from his ancestors. While Jonathon may not be finding information key to the Jewish religion, he appreciates the fact that he is Jewish and wants to le arn more about his history. 2. Alex’s grandfather initially had a negative attitude towards Jews; he keeps referring to Jonathon as â€Å"Yid,† which can sometimes be used as a derogatory term for Jewish people. There are some Jews who call themselves this term, so there is still some debate as to whether Yid puts down Jews or not. Alex’s grandfather’s attitude towards Jews does change over the course of the film, but this is largely due to the journey that everyone takes. This change is unusual in a way because Alex’s grandfather has always had a negative view of Jews, probably because of the area of Ukraine that he was brought up in. Another reason could be that he has dealt with so many Jews looking to travel to Ukraine that he has grown accustomed to Jews as customers rather than friends. Also, the fact that he is an old man makes it all the more unlikely that he changed his view of Jews after traveling with one through the Ukrainian countrysid e. But, after seeing Jonathon make a journey to pursue some of his history, and the fact that everyone got along well, Alex’s grandfather begins to understand that his previous view of Jews was in fact wrong. 3. The Christian religion is shown in a both a positive and negative light, depending on the characters involved. The positive representation of Christianity is shown when the Jesuits go into the forest and help the native people by teaching them to read, building schools and churches, and offering them a way out of their primitive state. Along the way, the Jesuits even manage to convince a mercenary, Mendoza, to join them. They had no reason to do this except to pick someone up at their lowest point. The negative representation of Christianity is shown by the Jesuit Order in Europe and the Catholic Church, which pursue an aggressive strategy of eliminating the new converts from their land simply due to border and land disputes. The scenes showing church leaders in Europ e give the impression that the Christian church wants to conquer the world with no respect for the native people they come across. The message given about Christianity is a balanced one; missionaries such as Father Gabriel choose not to fight because it goes against what he believes while Mendoza believes that Christians should have the right to protect themselves. The film does not offer an opinion on which belief is the greater one; it only presents a situation that

The Moon Landing Hoax Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Moon Landing Hoax - Research Paper Example The problem with so many conspiracy theories or claims of well-organized hoaxes, however, is that they can never agree on exactly who did what, when, and why. For those 9/11 truthers out there as many reasons for the conspiracy as there are grains of sand. Likewise for the moon landing hoax. It is a cottage industry without any professional credibility. A lot of it has to do with resentment and hatred of the government which some people believe is an all-powerful, malign force. Events like Watergate and the build-up to the Iraq War do not inspire much confidence in people, but most historians and political observers see these events as isolated incidents or even undirected actions. Conspiracy theorists, however, see a moving finger behind everything that happens in the world. Take for example this sample of moon hoax rhetoric: The Apollo record, as it currently stands, is not the sum of the whole but only the part that has been revealed to the public—until now. Irrespective of individual opinions as to the validity of the exploration of space, to dismiss the Apollo Space Project because it was too long ago, or unimportant, is to permit a history based on a false premise to stand unchallenged. In so doing we become the slaves of an elite who it seems will stop at nothing to achieve their aims—and the one firm objective they hold is the domination of this planet via the medium of space. (Bennett, 4).  It is always interesting to examine the reasons why people embrace such theories.  

Africans in the conquest of mesoamerica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Africans in the conquest of mesoamerica - Essay Example Admittedly, the past does influence the present. But when it comes to the work of the historian, who must selectively choose his facts so as to write his account of history, the present, that is his choices, his passions, his worries, and his strengths and weaknesses, will have far-reaching consequences on any view he may hold and assert regarding the past. These are the structural realities which must be accepted when attempting to assess and interpret the meaning of the role and experience of African slaves in the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica, or as it is known today, Mexico. As Americans, our tendency is to look to our southern neighbors as speakers of Spanish, who have themselves experienced historical experiences similar to our own. We began as colonies of the English crown, just as Mexicans once lived under the rule of the king of Spain. They, like us, broke off from the mother country and became an independent nation. They speak the tongue of the European country with which they once had a political allegiance. To that we can add our widespread perception of Mexicans as having a mixture of Spanish and Mesoamerican blood. These perceptions largely reflect our current beliefs and prejudices: i.e. we are an â€Å"Anglo-Saxon† country and the Mexicans are a â€Å"Latin† country. These simplistic terms, aside from pe rpetuating misconceptions, stem from our present needs and wants. In reality, the history of Mexico, from the time of the arrival of the first Europeans at the end of the fifteenth century to the present, is one which is far richer than any one historical account could demonstrate. Even more germane to the purposes here, that historical experience is one to which peoples and individuals from Africa made a most significant contribution. So much so that it can be said that not only were Africans central to the Spanish crown’s conquest and colonization of

National and International Perspectives on Health (Mental Health Essay

National and International Perspectives on Health (Mental Health Nursing) - Essay Example The symptoms are sometimes responsible for major psychological and social problems especial at work and in relationships. If the disorder is left unattended, it may lead to serious mental conditions that may result into the death of victims. In the U.K for instance, the country has properly established intervention mechanisms that ensure children and other people suffering from this disorder are diagnosed and treated effectively. On the other hand, Sri Lanka has had to battle with this order for a very long time.This has been brought about by the country’s inferior structures and response to these problems and others related to it. Many children that have suffered this condition in Sri Lanka have ended up with serious mental problems compared to the United Kingdom and other countries where there are clearly defined systems and structures to address the problem. This paper examines the prevalence of PTSD and the impacts it has had to children in Sri Lanka and the United Kingdom. It compares how intervention mechanisms have been adopted in the two countries, including the future of mental health nursing as far as PTSD is concerned in the United Kingdom Sri Lanka has been on the path of recovery after having endured a 30 year period of armed conflict that has affected not only the economy of the country, but also has caused serious Post Traumatic Stress Disorders in children and other people in its population (Abeyasinghe 2012, 376). It is estimated that over 100, 000 of the country’s army were involved in various types of direct and indirect combat. The experiences during that time were hostile and pathetic; they included screams from all over, handling decomposing bodies of people among others. The trauma from the war is said to have led to serious psychological problems among the children and adults at large. The Sri Lankan government has responded to the increasing

Sneaker slaves on Dazed Digital by Pinar&Viola Essay Example for Free

Sneaker slaves on Dazed Digital by PinarViola Essay As artist and designers were always attracted by cultural excesses. Thats where the beauty and the horror of present time shines out in its optimum. This time we found beauty behind the hidden doors of the booming world of sneakers, one of the lasting veteran icons of American consumer culture. When I meet an attractive boy, his shoes are the first thing I look at. We all know that you can tell so much about a person by what they wear on their feet. Apparently Im not the only one. Shoes carry sexual connotations in mainstream culture. There is nothing scandalous about stilettos being marketed as sexy.High heels are a widely accepted vanilla expression of shoe fetishism. Yet the persuasive power of sports footwear has caused the rise of darkrooms within sneaker culture. In the dark zones of the sneaker cult, fanatics enjoy intimacy with stylish kicks on their feet and in their mouth. The iconoclastic twist of a sneakerhead making love to his sneaker could be the ultimate case of a shopper and a product becoming one, surrendered in manic mutual adoration. We were introduced to the term sneakerslaves[-3] via a friend. After a little bit of XX-browsing we found the Tumblrs Sneaker Fetish[-4], Sk8terboy[-5] and a Dutch sneaker fetish wikipedia page[-6]. The page informs us that most trainer fetishists, gay men and straight men, are based in France, Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands. Common forms of sneaker fetishism are worshipping[-7], licking[-8] and sniffing[-9] sneakers. Shoeslaves also swap[-10] each others sneakers, or eat food [-11]out of their kicks. These fetishists provide images that make our hearts beat faster. For once the bad boys always dressed to kill arent depicted in the expected realm of a street fight, a shady strip club, or in a sweaty six-pack workout scenario. In these counter-glamour images of tough boys showing their soft side, while sensually sniffing their pricey sneakers with attention and adoration. These boys show that shoe fetishism goes beyond thigh-length leather boots, killer heels and kinky combat boots. A special place in this list is taken by our daily hot kicks, the training shoe. Thanks to the mixture of pop culture, nostalgia, strong  brand-creation, high tech designs and constant launch of new models, the sneaker reached a popularity that crossed all the lines of race and economic classes. A niche of consumers turned into sneakerheads, and a niche of sneakerheads turned into sneakerslaves. The affection of urban youth for their sneakers is one of true love. One of the reasons they love their kicks so much is that the footwear embodies cultural and personal transcendence. The right pair of sneakers associates the wearer with extraordinary athletic accomplishments while exclusive special editions seem to have the power to establish an identity in a world where all the same things seem to be available everywhere. Rare models encourage the sneaker freaks to compete with each other. The shoes seem worth the investment. They have the ability to retain or increase in value despite being used. Actually, many sneakerheads dont mind rocking some classics that look a little worn-in. This kind of tolerance and compassion for a pair of shoes can flame up to an extreme. The look, the feel and the smell of brand new and/or worn sneakers, can cause an adoration that blurs out the line between sneaker freaks and sneaker fetishists. [-0] http://www.pinar-viola.com/blog/2012/11/harald-gloockler/ [-1] http://www.pinar-viola.com/blog/2012/03/chinese-gangsta-glam/ [-2] http://www.pinar-viola.com/blog/2012/03/breathable-delights/ [-3] http://cashgod13.wordpress.com/2012/04/16/slave-profile-2-sneaker-slaves/ [-4] http://sneakerfetish.org/ [-5] http://sk8erboy-eu.tumblr.com/ [-6] http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneakerfetisjisme [-7] http://sneakersniffer.blogspot.nl/2012/06/sniff-at-all-circumstances.html [-8] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCiCrJACGeg [-9] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XThQsiOZKCo [-10] http://youtu.be/XLbumWImcDo [-11] http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embeddedv=sHNA_DZr024

On Prejudice Essay Example for Free

On Prejudice Essay The word bigot is a powerful word. It is a word that many feel to be of the utmost offense, and yet, by definition, it is a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinions and prejudices. With this in mind, and human natures impeccable ability to draw stereotypes for every type of person, cant we all be considered bigots? In Bill Cosbys short satire, On Prejudice, this issue is concisely addressed and brought to its knees through his use of sarcasm, and an ability to corner any stereotype by just simply bringing it to a clear, succinct truth. While many balked at the idea of racial prejudice and stereotypes during the 1970s, Cosby approached it with honesty and candor. His use of vulgar words, diffident body language, belittling tone, and biting disparagement allowed Cosby to effectively show societys lack of understanding and appreciation for the worlds racial diversity. In a time when prejudice was beginning to cower in the shadows as a product of the civil rights movement, Cosby recognized that while law had forbid discrimination, it still very much existed in our culture and society. On Prejudice was his way of addressing this delicate issue. The 1970s followed a decade of success among the civil rights movement; however, this success caused many to withdraw from still recognizing it as a problem. While discrimination was pronounced unlawful, Cosby addressed a different kind of prejudice; A prejudice that was subconscious and mendacious. On Prejudice opens with a wide shot of Cosby sitting on a stool beneath a single spotlight. The music is a single violin, playing a single chord. Cosby is smoking a cigar and slouched over the stool. The use of lighting and music is very effective in that it truly adds to the solitude of Cosbys ridicule. It is a keen way that he uses to single out prejudice, and it is very effective in that it gives a sense that bigotry is a lonely place to be. His body language and subtle movements give the audience a sense of distance and that the person they are watching is very closed off. Cosby then begins to speak. At first notice he employs a feeling of simple impersonation and innocent humor. However, after listening, one begins to realize that his impersonation goes much deeper. Secondary thoughts begin to surface and innocent humor turns into harsh ridicule and mockery. He speaks on old people, children, Jews, Irish, African Americans (which he refers to as niggers), and Italians. Each group is addressed as the scum of the earth. He takes stereotypes and prejudices and gives them a voice. His phrases and word usage have a bold honesty to them. He consistently speaks of making groups just go away. But he abstains from his harsh comments by repeating that they would not have to leave by blood shed. This effectively adds to the arrogance of his character and truly reveals the power of satire. Another action he consistently refers to is spitting on certain groups. He sets up why he dislikes each group. Then, whether it is the drunken Irish, Italian criminals, or slow old people, he then follows with stating that if he were to see these groups he would just spit on them. This is reintroduced over and over again to remind the audience that they are dealing with an obnoxious person. This technique also reinforces the arrogance of his character in that it shows that he lacks the will to come up with intelligent solutions or justification for his actions. With these in mind, Cosbys most effective technique is his ability to grab the audiences attention through satirical disdain. Cosby makes it incredibly easy to fall into a trap where one can be lured into relating to his judgments and stereotypes. He makes his audience laugh and connect with his opinions. But just when the audience begins to feel comfortable, Cosby reveals that he is a bigot. This sense of comfort and correlation quickly turns to scorn. He reveals how shameful it is to stereotype. All while staying in character and reinforcing the arrogance of society. He makes his audience feel as if they were no better than the man whose solution is to just get rid of ? em. He makes his audience feel that they are no better than a man whos so hateful that he would spit on other people. It is an ultimate sense of embarrassment. Putting these techniques to use gives one a sense of truth and yet shame at the same time. By addressing the most common forms of stereotypes and racial discrimination, He allows his audience to stop and not only reflect on how wrong it is to racially profile, but to also allow his audience to consider the judgments they themselves may have passed on certain groups prior. Cosbys impersonation ultimately embodies that of social unjust as a whole. Because of his honest and impudent characterization, he allows for no gray areas of discussion. His parody of a bigot properly makes each and every person feel like a bigot.

Impact of Negative Externalities in Economics

Impact of Negative Externalities in Economics Externalities are outsider impacts emerging from generation and utilization of products and administrations for which no proper remuneration is paid. Externalities happen outside of the business sector i.e. they influence individuals not straightforwardly included in the creation and/or utilization of a merchandises or administration. They are otherwise called overflow impacts. Economical movements makes overflow profits and overflow costs – with negative externalities. A negative externality happens when an individual or firm settling on a choice does not need to pay the full cost of the choice. In the event that a product has a negative externality, then the expense to society is more prominent than the expense customer is paying for it. Since purchasers settle on a choice focused around where their peripheral expense squares with their minimal profit, and since they dont consider the expense of the negative externality, negative externalities bring about business sector inefficiencies unless legitimate move is made. Negative externalities emerge when the private expenses of products are lower than the social expenses (private expense + external espenses) prompting a lower value level (as just private expenses are perceived by the business sector) and in this way to overproduction of a terrible which prompts wastefulness and diminishment out in the open welfare (does damage to society or lessens the general great to society of having autos). Pollution illustrates negative externalities clearly. Case in point, a steel creating firm may pump contaminations into the air. While the firm need to pay for power, materials, and so forth, the people living around the processing plant will pay for the contamination since it will make them have higher medicinal costs, poorer personal satisfaction, diminished aesthetic request of the air, and so on. Hence the creation of steel by the firm has an adverse expense to the individuals encompassing the manufacturing plant -a cost that the steel firm doesnt need to pay (Economics.fundamentalfinance.com, 2014) Sources equipped to economically shorten their negative externalities would definitely decrease, offering their licenses to less adaptable polluters (Blinder 1987) Some more noticeable examples from externalities include: Smokers overlook the destructive effect of harmful detached smoking on non-smokers Air contamination from street utilize and movement blockage and the effect of street exhaust on lungs Outside expenses of scratching the seabed for supplies of rock The outside expense of nourishment waste The outside expenses of cleaning up from litter and the dropping of mulling over gum The outside expenses of the miles that nourishment goes from maker to the last purchaser The externalities joined to the oil sands extend in the Canadian wild Ronald Coase points out solution to negative externalities as; Under immaculate rivalry, once government has appointed unmistakably characterized property rights in challenged capitals and till transactions expenses are insignificant, private gatherings that produce or are influenced by externalities will arrange deliberate proclamations that prompt the socially ideal asset distribution and yield blend paying little mind to how the property rights are allocated. (Coase, 1960) For instance, if the steel factory possesses the rights, then the people that live around the plant will be ready to pay the steel process not to deliver -up to the cost that they are acquiring from health services, diminished aesthetic request of the air, and so on. This sum that they are eager to pay turns into an opportunity cost for the steel factory in the event that they deliver. In this manner they will slice creation to the ideal level. Then again, if the individuals possess the air, then the steel factory would need to pay them that same sum for the right to deliver. Accordingly the negative externality is specifically added to the steel plants minimal expense. An alternate approach to take care of the negative externality issue is to just expense the maker the measure of the negative externality. This adds to the makers peripheral cost and will make them lessen yield. (Economics.fundamentalfinance.com, 2014). Externalities are likely the contention for government intercession that economists generally regard. Externalities are often used to advocate the legislatures responsibility for with positive externalities and disallowance of items with negative externalities. Monetarily talking, notwithstanding, this is pointless excess. In the event that free enterprise that is, no legislature intercession gives excessively little training, the clear result is some type of subsidy to educating, not government generation of instruction. Additionally, if free enterprise gives an excessive amount of cocaine, a measured reaction is to expense it, not boycott it totally. (Caplan, 2014) Taxation Also government can decrement externalities would be to increase the private expenses of the products to meet the social expenses so that the new market balance is at the point where social expenses approaches social profits (socially ideal point). This is possible by the administration taxation on products with externalities which will aid reducing adverse effects of products, scarcity of goods and will increase government revenue too. Yet it will draw some negative actions too such as, impact and product causing externalities measurement would be difficult, in case of inelastic demand hefty taxes won’t change demand, evasion can occur more (e.g. dumping trash illegally) and in some cases inequality can also be the resultant. Forcing laws and regulations- This is the place for administration forces law to totally deny purchasers captivating transactions with negative externalities. As an illustration, few years prior numerous nations banned use of supplies discharging CFC gas which diminished the outflow of greenhouse gasses bringing about no externality circumstance. Tradable recompenses- This is the place the legislature forces a limit up to which a certain transaction can result in negative externalities. As case, government awards authorization for a firm to take part in exercises which can result in air contamination however it is dependent upon 15% of aggregate contamination level. This will restrict the contamination level of the economy. Rather than rectifying negative externalities positive externalities are supported by government gifts/subsidies, charge reliefs for positive externalities inventors and procurement from government costs, for example, barrier costs and wellbeing costs. To study negative externalities, agriculture market of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis – soil bacteria) cotton is analyzed. China has been reported as most exhaustive pesticide using country in the globe. The countrys ranchers apply more synthetic pesticides on their products than makers in practically any nation in the world (Huang et al., 2000a). Their yearly application has expanded lately, climbing from 211,000 metric tons (mt) of dynamic fixings in 1985 to 340,000 mt in 1996. While pesticides have assumed a part in expanding Chinas farming yield, their utilization has made numerous negative externalities. The utilization, abuse and exploitation of pesticides in China have prompted poisonings of ranchers, corruption of area and water, and expanded levels of risky chemicals in Chinas sustenance supply (MOA, 1983; Peng, 1998; Lei et al., 1998; Huang et al., 2000c). In addition, the rate of increment of pesticides rose quicker than different inputs, prompting an ascent in it does impart of aggregate expenses. It was assessed that by late 1990s Chinas agriculturists will buy and apply almost US$ 5 billion of pesticides for every year, making China one of the biggest pesticide clients. Cotton makers are among the biggest pesticide clients in China regarding both total and for every hectare use. For every hectare pesticide expense arrived at US$ 101 in 1995 for cotton, much higher than that for rice, wheat or maize. Only tomato and cucumber producers apply all the more on a for every hectare premise. The terrible measure of pesticides utilized within rice generation in China is more prominent than the sum utilized for cotton generation simply because five times more land is planted to rice than to cotton and its production expends approximately US$ 500 million per annum. Pesticide use has a few potential downsides. For instance, the application of pesticides may represent a genuine peril to the agro-biological system. Pingali et al. (1994) has created confirmation of the antagonistic impact that pesticide use has on human wellbeing. Their results showed that the wellbeing and different expenses could surpass the private expenses of buying the item. Truth be told, pe sticide use in cultivating in China have even been interfaced to genuine diseases and demise. Crosswise over China, poisonings of agriculturists and their workers have brought about 45,000 instances of genuine disease and more than 500 passing every year from 1987 to 1996 (Huang et al., 2000c). Liu et al. (1995) directed study in China of pesticide residuals in nourishment in 1992. The study focused on the nourishment security impacts of ranch level utilization of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CH pesticides), the group of pesticides that incorporates DDT. The most tireless of pesticides, officials banned the utilization of CH pesticides in 1983. Despite the fact that the utilization of CH pesticides have dropped forcefully since the mid-1980s, the study exposed planters still were utilizing them as a part of the early 1990s and Chinas nourishment stock uncovered hints of pollution. Other late studies have confirmed the finding that pesticide tainting in Chinas nourishment markets is sti ll an issue for vegetables, tree grown foods, and sustenance grains. Perceiving the presence of negative externalities, Chinas pioneers started various steps to control probably the most hurtful parts of pesticide utilization. Chinas plant reproducers have effectively created a huge number of mixed bags with host-plant imperviousness to creepy crawlies and sicknesses. Just about all recently discharged assortments in China in the previous 20 years have large amounts of host-plant safety. At any rate in the instance of rice, the utilization of these mixtures has prompted decreases in pesticides. Biotechnology seems to offer a item that can drastically lessen pesticide—Bt also other GE crop mixed bags. Indeed with generally constrained speculations of government cash in exploration, augmentation and seed generation, Bt cotton assortments are spreading quickly. These mixed bags were created and advanced by a few remote and household organizations and examination foundations. Ranchers have embraced them in light of the fact that they decreased the expenses of generation without lessening aggregate incomes and on the grounds that they lessen their introduction to hazardous chemical To encounter problems with pesticides, china has contributed majorly to genetically engineered crops. Chinas farming examination framework has endeavored to enhance assortments of numerous harvests utilizing biotechnology and has moved a percentage of the new transgenic mixed bags into business use by ranchers (Huang et al., 2001). Grain, cotton and tobacco rearing projects have most nearly composed their biotechnology and ordinary examination programs. Lately, specialists have controlled a greater amount of their work towards enhancing vegetables and oil seeds employing biotechnology. Researchers have made most prominent progress in utilizing biotechnology to enhance insecticides safety of products, albeit respectable work is likewise being carried out to enhance malady safety. Interestingly, this concentrate on insect resistance and sickness safety is particular to Chinas biotechnology program. The countrys open overwhelmed examination framework has given Chinas analysts a solid mo tivation to create Genetically Modified edits that expand yields and anticipate bother flare-ups. In China, more than 90% of field trials target insects and ailment safety. Conversely, in industrialized nations, where a great part of the plant biotechnology is secretly finance, 45% of field trials are for herbicide tolerance and enhancing item quality; just 19% are for pest resistance. The advancement of bug safe harvest assortments containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) quality has been a positive case of the application of farming biotechnology. This gene produces protein that is poisonous to some insects and can make crops pink bollworm resistant, tobacco budworm, armyworms and leaf worm resistant. China gives an interesting chance to contemplating the long haul profits of Bt innovation. Early studies demonstrated that Bt assortments expanded yield harvests and decreased insect poison utilization. Cotton gets most transgenic attention in China and in 2000, 400,000–500,000 ha Bt cotton was planted. It has been accounted for that the bugs of cotton like tobacco budworms and the American bollworm, started to develop safety in under 40 eras. In China bollworms imitate, as a rule, four times each year. Given that Bt mixtures have now been planted for more than 10 years in a few territories, it is an appropriates time to assess the long haul profits (and expens es, if any) of Bt cotton. An investigation of these issues likewise may give understanding into the long haul viability of Bt innovation in creating nations as a rule. It was demonstrated that bollworm populaces in China have advanced in a manner in which Bt cotton may have the capacity to be utilized on a long haul premise. Based on a dataset based on data gathered amid more than 10 years of checking in trial cotton fields in provincial regions of northern China, their exploration found that the quantity of bollworms fell fundamentally with time. Numerous territorial populaces given way as Bt mixed bags extended. It shows up that the Bt poisons not just smothered the bug populaces in the fields with Bt mixtures, additionally populaces on other crops which serve as hosts for bollworms. They finished up that following 10 years of utilization of Bt cotton mixtures, safety of bollworms to the Bt poison had not yet developed. Work regarding Bt cotton use in China summarizes that Bt cotton has massive significance over non-Bt one as it uses less insecticides to control bollworms. This is because non-Bt cotton could not grow resistance against pest and were infected times more than Bt one. To it, it also decreases cost on pesticides and increases cotton yeild. Hence it is experimentally proved is clear that Bt cotton lessens pesticide use, in any event in the short run. Anyhow the effect of lessening pesticide use on human wellbeing and natures turf depends to some degree on which pesticides were lessened because of the appropriation of Bt cotton. On the off chance that the diminishment s the manifestation of generally sheltered pesticides likes the manufactured pyrethroids or malathion, we would not expect much effect on human wellbeing. On the off chance that the decrease occurs as more risky pesticides, for example, any of the CH pesticides or organophosphate parathion, we would expect that poisonings of ranchers would decay and that the effect on natures domain to be more noteworthy in light of the fact that a significant number of the chemicals are relentless in the earth. The findings propose that the administration may need to contribute the cash important to spread Bt to other cotton locales and to different harvests. The paramount proviso is that legislature interests in regulation of biotech will must be expanded to guarantee that broad utilization of Bt does not prompt the quick improvement of bollworms that are impervious to crops. The second ramifications of these findings are that the government plant assurance framework is not meeting the objective of lessening pesticide utilization. Plant insurance individuals regularly propose that agriculturists not utilize Bt cotton or at most suggest more pesticide applications than the seed organizations. The administration needs to separate Integrated Pest Management exercises and staff of the plant assurance framework from the pesticide deals exercises. The legislature additionally must give the augmentation administration impetuses to push IPM and other non-pesticide-related manifestations of bug con trol. One alternative would be to considerably in pleat the compensations of the IPM staff to adjust for the loss of pay from pesticide deals and give them with rewards for lessening chemical exploitation. Government ought to minimize pesticides use for crops as they happen to play critical role in human health. Accountability of products in form of taxes, surveys on its environmental and public impact needs to be calculated every time in order to minimize negative externalities because soon or later it will be significant mark on state’s economy. References: Blinder, Alan.Hard Heads, Soft Hearts: Tough-Minded Economics for a Just Society.New York: Addison-Wesley, 1987. Bryan Caplan. Externalities.The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics.2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved August 27, 2014 Huang, J.K., Hu, R.F., Zhang, L.X., Rozelle, S., 2000a. The Economy of Agricultural RD Investment in China. Agricultural ST Press, Beijing Huang, J.K., Qiao, F.B., Zhang, L.X., Rozelle, S., 2000c. Farm pesticide, rice production, and human health. EEPSEA Working Paper, Singapore. Huang, J.K., Wang, Q.F., Zhang, Y.D., 2001. Agricultural biotechnology development and Research capacity. Working Paper, Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. Haung, J., Hu, R., Pray, C., Qiao, F., Rozelle, S. (2003). Biotechnology as an alternative to chemical pesticides: a case study of Bt cotton in China.Agricultural Economics,29. Lei, H., Dai, L.C., Liu, L., Gu, W., Xu, Y.D., 1998. The relationship between poison and à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡esh blood protein Peng, Y., 1998. Eight poisoning cases made by chlorothalonil.Occup Med. 25 (1), 31. Pingali, P.L., Marquez, C.B., Palis, F.G., 1994. Pesticides and Philippine rice farmer health: a medical and economic analysis

Historical Sites from the Battle of Saratoga :: History Saratoga

The Blockhouse was built in the late 1920's to serve as a visitor's center for the Historical Park which was then owned and operated by New York state and was located near where the Nielson House still stands today. It is said that the Blockhouse was built using lumber from barns and other structures that were present during the Battles of Saratoga. In 1938 the Battlefield became a National Historical Park and eventually a new visitor's center was built. The Blockhouse was then removed from the National Historical Park in the early 1960's and was relocated to a plot of land on Route 32 across the street from it's original location. After many years of discussion the Blockhouse was finally moved to a location on the river on Routes 4 and 32 in the Village of Stillwater. (W. Valosin, personal communication, May 5, 2002). It currently serves as a Visitor's Center and a Museum containing artifacts from the history of Stillwater, NY. The Saratoga Monument was built to commemorate the victory of the Battles of Saratoga. Construction began on October 17, 1877, which marked the 100th Anniversary of the surrender of General Burgoyne, and was completed after 10 years of construction (W. Valosin, personal communication, May 5, 2001). The structure can be seen before you enter the Village as it stands nearly 155 feet tall and contains 184 stairs ("Saratoga Monument", 2001) that lead to an observation level from which you can see the entire Village of Schuylerville. Over the years there have been many structural concerns, due to water damage, which had caused the Monument to be closed to the public on two different occasions. The first time was in 1970 where it remained closed until it reopened in the summer of 1981 after extensive repairs. Unfortunately there were again structural concerns, due to moisture, and the National Park service, which now owns the building, was forced to close the historical site once again in 1987. Now, after inspection has shown that it is structurally safe and it has been under repair for internal damage for more than three years, the Monument is scheduled to be reopened to the public May 25, 2002. ("Saratoga Monument", 2001). John Nielson built his house in 1775 or 1776, where he and his wife lived until they learned that General Burgoyne and his British troops were headed to the area in September of 1777. The American Army had set up Fortifications to wait for the British Army to arrive and used the Nielson House as a mid-level headquarters.

Effects of Leadership in the US Army Essay --

The readiness of the United States Army is something that many American citizens are guilty of taking advantage of. For nearly two hundred and thirty-nine years the Army has been responsible for all land-based military operations concerning the United States of America and it's interests. Months and years of training go into readying every single soldier for that moment when he or she will be called upon. Now, imagine that readiness being compromised by poor leadership or the poor development of future Army leaders. With the ever changing landscape of how the world fights it's wars, coupled with the probable possibility of downsizing in the US military, existing and new leaders must be sharp and honorable (Tan, 2011). They must be intellectually capable to overcome and adapt to any situation to keep the soldiers safe and effective. Sergeant Jones Sergeant (Sgt) Jones was an incredibly successful non-commissioned officer (NCO) in the Army. Projecting through the ranks quickly, Sgt Jones appeared to have everything it took to have a highly decorated career doing what appeared to be his calling. And although he was highly sought after by higher ranking NCO's and officers, he was often hated and bad-mouthed by those under his command. Now, one might think – â€Å"well it's the military, of course you dislike your superior†, but in the confines of the Army this is almost never true. Good leaders, particularly those at the Sgt level, are regularly loved and admired for the care, compassion and ultimate leadership that they show their soldiers. Toxic Leadership In Fort Bragg, North Carolina, Sgt Jones and his team were conducting a training exercise under the sweltering July sun of 1997. As part of the training exercise, Jones' t... ...maybe, save someone's life. Works Cited Clark, D. (2013). Leadership & direction. Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/ leaddir.html Hargrove, D. & Sitkin, S. (2011). Next Generation Leadership Development in a Changing and Complex Environment: An Interview With General Martin E. Dempsey. Academy Of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 528-533. Lindsay, D. R., Day, D. V., & Halpin, S. M. (2011). Shared Leadership in the Military: Reality, Possibility, or Pipedream?. Military Psychology (Taylor & Francis Ltd), 23(5), 528-549. doi:10.1080/08995605.2011.600150 Reed, G. A. (2010). Toxic Leadership: Part Deux. Military Review, 90(6), 58-64. Tan, M. (2011). Survey: bad leadership drives soldiers to leave. Retrieved November 16th, 2013 from http://www.armytimes.com/article/20110521/NEWS/105210315/Survey-Bad-leadership-drives- soldiers-to-leave

Midnight Express Essay -- essays research papers

Midnight Express   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billy Hayes becomes desperate at the end of the movie. He realizes that he will never be released and so when he finds the money his girlfriend hid for him, he is moved to try and escape. He tries to bribe Hamidon to let him out. Hamidon takes the money but takes him to an empty room where he is planning on beating Billy. He takes off his gun and puts down his stick. He starts beating Billy. He stops and begins to pull his pants down. Billy seizes this opportunity and pushes him, knocking his head into a peg on the wall killing him. He then puts on Hamidon’s clothes, takes his gun and leaves the prison. He is finally out and makes it across the border into Greece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I were put into that situation, I think I woul...

Main Themes in a Farewell to Arms

Written in 1929 by Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms has always been considered a classic piece of literature. A major source of the novel's success is how its themes tied into real life experiences during the First World War. While soldiers of the war fought for their country, they searched for love to escape total chaos and destruction. The two main themes in A Farewell to Arms are the gruesome reality of war and the relationship between love and pain. The first main theme of A Farewell to Arms is the devastation that war brings. Just as the title explains, A Farewell to Arms deals primarily with the process by which the protagonist, Frederic Henry, disconnects himself from the war and leaves it behind. While there are a few characters in the novel who actually support the effort, such as Ettore Moretti, a majority of the characters remain uncertain about the war, angry of the complete devastation it causes, and unconvinced of the splendor it supposedly brings. For example, while Henry and Passini discuss the war, Henry says, â€Å"I believe we should get the war over†¦ It would not finish if one side stopped fighting. It would only be worse if we stopped fighting† (Chapter 9, Page 49). The second main theme of the novel is the connection between love and pain. While the war takes place, Hemingway depicts the true, mysterious behavior of love. Although Catherine mourns for her dead fiance, she quickly begins to seduce Henry. Her intentions for courting Henry are obvious, that is she wants to separate herself from the pain of losing her fiance by finding a new love to fill the void. Likewise, Henry attempts to distance himself from the war as much as possible. By doing so, Henry and Catherine find comfort within each other from the dilemmas that surround them. Just like they fell in love with each other, Henry's feelings for Catherine pass just as quickly as he witnesses her death. As he gives farewell to Catherine's body, Henry says, â€Å"But after I got them to leave and shut the door and turned off the light it wasn't any good. It was like saying good-by to a statue. After a while I went out and left the hospital and walked back to he hotel in the rain† (Chapter 41, Page 332). Although Henry and Catherine genuinely loved each other, Henry's heart is now void without the companionship of Catherine. The tragedy of A Farewell to Arms is that their love, although authentic, can never be more than temporary. In my opinion, I enjoyed this novel for a few reasons. First, A Farewell to Arms is a semi-autobiography about Hemingway and his time fighting in the Italian campaigns during World War I. Secondly, the novel is able to give perspective of the troubles and triumphs of those soldiers that fought during the war. Finally, the mysterious love that Henry and Catherine have for each other proved to be interesting and unusual. In conclusion, A Farewell to Arms proved to be a masterpiece in my opinion. While addressing the struggles and feats of those soldiers who fought during World War I, we are able to dive into the conscious of a unique fighter who parts himself from the war as much as possible while trying to find true love, even though the reasoning behind finding love was only to help escape from the war.

Technology and Health Care

Introduction Now more than ever, the advances in technology have accompanied the health care delivery system in providing efficient and effective treatment and management for a wide range of patients. According to an article on â€Å"Medical Technology†, â€Å"from gene therapy to tissue engineering to telepresence medicine, the proliferation of new technology promises even greater improvements in patient care, health status, and quality of life† (ct.gov, n. d., p. 89). Nevertheless, the advent of these developments considerably affects the health system, in general. Thus, this paper aims to describe the uses of technology for patient management and its impact on health care and health status.Findings The uses of technology for patient management comprise an array of services that would include new medical and surgical procedures, drugs, medical devices, and new support systems. Indeed, these services had undergone innovative changes during the past years to cater the n eeds of the patients. These facts are exemplified in the following sections of this paper, as quoted from reliable references. â€Å"Surgery is another area of medicine that has been virtually transformed by innovative new techniques and technologies.The acceptance and refinement of minimally-invasive surgical procedures, improvements in anesthesia, patient demands and the push towards greater cost savings have facilitated the shift of surgical procedures from the traditional hospital setting to free-standing ambulatory surgical centers, outpatient clinics, and physicians’ offices† (Medical Technology, ct.gov, n. d., p.92).On the other hand, another study called â€Å"AstraZeneca Submission† (n. d.) typified the progress in medicines, as we quote, â€Å"many examples describe the impact of new medicines on patient symptoms and quality of life: Advanced cancer is incurable. Many medicines for this devastating disease have provided value to patients and their fam ilies by improving their quality of life.Drugs to prevent nausea, a common side-effect of cancer chemotherapy, can help make the treatment easier to bear both for patients and their families. In patients with moderate to severe migraine, subcutaneous sumatriptan improved quality of life by more than 20% compared to placebo (61.6% versus 20.6%). Patients on rizatriptan show significantly better responses to three domains of the 24-hourMigraine Quality of Life Questionnaire (social functioning, migraine symptoms and feelings/concerns) compared to patients treated with placebo. (This entry has been quoted from Santanello N C, Polis A B, Hartmaier S L, Kramer M S, Block G A, Silberstein S D, Improvement in migraine-specific quality of life in a clinical trial of rizatriptan. Cephalalgia 17(8):867-872 1997)A systematic review of a new schizophrenia medicine – an atypical antipsychotic – found that, compared with typical antipsychotics, it was more effective in improving glo bal state, general mental state and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and was as effective as typical antipsychotics with regard to positive symptoms. (This entry has been quoted from Mota N E, Lima M S, Soares B G, Amisulpride for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2:CD001357, 2002)†.With regards to medical devices, â€Å"one specific example of the dynamic changes in the use of medical technology in the state (CT) is PET scanning. PET scanners are among the most expensive units of major medical equipment available today. PET scans are non-invasive procedures used to detect metabolic rates of organs and tissues using radioactive agents that emit positively charged electrons (positrons).While useful in a number of specialties, PET is increasingly valuable in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and particularly cancer imaging including monitoring the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy† (Medical Technology, ct.gov, n. d., p.92). In addition, new support systems have also been employed in the health care system. An example is the so-called telemedicine of which according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, â€Å"it is the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve a patient's health.Electronic communication means the use of interactive telecommunications equipment that includes, at a minimum, audio and video equipment permitting two-way, real time interactive communication between the patient, and the physician or practitioner at the distant site. Telemedicine is viewed as a cost-effective alternative to the more traditional face-to-face way of providing medical care (e.g., face-to-face consultations or examinations between provider and patient) that states may choose to cover.This definition is modeled on Medicare's definition of telehealth services located at 42 CFR 410.78† (Overview Telemedicine, n. d.). Hence, â€Å"the ins titution and utilization of new technologies in the hospital setting has dramatically influenced the way in which hospitals function as health care providers. Minimally invasive surgical procedures, highly advanced medical equipment, and breakthrough prescription medications are particularly significant in the evolving role of hospitals as they have all contributed to shorter and oftentimes costlier hospital stays† (Medical Technology, n. d., p.89).Conclusion Consequently, we have learned how the health care system utilized the use of the new technology in the treatment of patients, as reflected in the abovementioned findings. We realized that technology has an impact on the costs of health care services: cost effective, when it comes to medications, but costly, when it comes to acquisition of new medical devices. Nonetheless, we discovered that the impact of technology in health care is basically characterized by the provision of optimum patient management, thus leading to th e attainment of a better quality of life and improvement in the health status of individuals.References AstraZeneca Submission – The impact of advances in medical technology on healthcare in Australia – The Value of Medicines. (n.d.). Retrieved November 27, 2008, from http://72.14.235.132/search?q=cache:Z7LXq-jne1MJ:www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/17501/sub023.pdf+Impacts+of+Advances+in+Medicine+to+Patients&hl=tl&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=ph Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (n.d.). Overview Telemedicine. HHS.gov. Retrieved November 27, 2008, from http://www.cms.hhs.gov/Telemedicine/ CT.gov. (n.d.). Medical Technology. Retrieved November 27, 2008 from http://www.ct.gov/ohca/lib/ohca/hospitalstudy/Medical_Technology.pdf

Thomas Friedman †Generation Q

Journal: Thomas Friedman – Generation Q This article by Thomas Friedman covers how our generation, ‘Generation Q’, is the â€Å"quiet generation† that holds ideals and hopes that can change the world – if only we weren’t so quiet. Friedman explains that our generation has a various range of idealism but we are not brave enough to come forth and express our points. In his opinion we are not as outraged as we should be. Friedman’s claim is not something new; he is more elaborate by specifying the problem, which is on politics.Friedman explains that we need to get offline and get active within the community to truly make any politicians listen to what we need as the next coming generation. He feels our generation has become too quiet because of what technology has brought. He criticizes our generation by saying we waste time on social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace. I agree that various social networking sites aren’t going to help us solve problems such as global warming.However, I strongly believe that technology has many positives that Friedman fails to recognize. He talks a lot about what his generation used to do, however he does not take into consideration that there are many factors that have differentiated ‘Generation Q’ from his generation. I feel it is also worth noting that our generation is raised with much emphasis given to higher education. This is mainly why most students are concerned with their collegiate bubble! After reading this article I would propose a few questions to Friedman.Firstly, why should ‘Generation Q’ be help responsible to clean the mess earlier generations left behind? Secondly, how do you expect college students to sort out political issues when we already have our hands full with college? Lastly, have you considered the empowering nature of technology in the world today? For example, it can do wonders to spread awareness. Friedman put a lot of expectation for ‘Generation Q’ to be as identical as his generation. He must realize that each generation has their own way to be politically active.

JSBMHA and HIPAA Case Study Essay

According to the laws concerning HIPAA where it pertains to serving and protecting patients’ rights, HIPAA is put into place to protect patient rights by not allowing any medical professional to discuss a patients prognosis, symptoms or any other specifics regarding their care with another individual not directly involved with their case. Because of this, a patient’s identity and confidential information is kept that way. Violations are punishable by law. HIPAA abstains an excessive influence continuously for the rights of patients’, every area concerned with the JSBMHA was affected the two employees. Their conversation unknowingly had an impact on the patients, as well as put their agency in a difficult situation. The outcome of their conversation could have caused the grandmother of the three children to inform others about the lack of confidentiality that the employee’s shows inside a public forum which could have the agency look upon negatively. Other individuals that deals with this agency could become aware and made to feel uncomfortable about giving up any information. From the outside looking in ti would look as if any information received by the JSBMHA is at risk of not being fully secured, at that point trust between the two parties has been compromised. The actions that should be taken should be to suspend the two individuals, their actions were a direct violation of the code of ethics. They need to know and understand that they have placed the agency in a serious predicament as well as lost the trust of one and possibly more patients and their families. As far as Jim goes he should’ve known better seeing that he’s been with the company much longer then Betty, it was is his responsibility to inform her that there are certain conversation that are to be left inside the office and that this one was not one to have in public. Furthermore because Jim is a â€Å"seasoned vet† in social work after 20 years he should know the code of ethics front to back so he should be suspended indefinitely without pay. Jim should have been more of a mentor to Betty instead of a gossiping friend.

Link Between Academic Success and a Students Perceived Self-worth Essay

Link Between Academic Success and a Students Perceived Self-worth - Essay Example There is a vast body of research on the intricate link between academic success and a student’s perceived self-worth. There is also a large amount of research detailing how the dynamics of student-teacher interactions play a key role in the formation of self-worth by these same students. However, Fay and Funk (1995) point out that educators only have access to the formation of such perceptions when providing feedback to behavior. Schroeder (n.d.) points out that feedback also involves the methods by which the educator communicates correctness of student responses to academic questions. Jim Fay’s (1995) discussion of three major teaching styles reminders readers that feedback sends not only the overt message of the words used but the covert messages of tone, actions and general body language. Of the three teaching styles - helicopter, drill sergeants, and consultants – it is the consultant teacher who embodies the overt and covert â€Å"messages of personal worth , dignity, and strength† (Fay & Funk, 1995, p. 197). When looking to the strategies employed by consultant teachers, it becomes obvious that these can be used with all teaching styles to provide corrective feedback in a whole instruction setting. First, educators should make sure the questions being asked are of appropriate difficulty and cognitive levels while being stated as clearly as possible. Schroeder (n.d.) suggests that questions dealing with new material should be such that 80% of the responses given are correct and 90+% for review materials. Educators may find that low-level questions that ask what, where, and who are best for this. Such pedagogical procedures will promote self-esteem as well as momentum needed to progress with instructional activities. Students will then be more willing to work for answers to higher order questions dealing with the why and how. Secondly, teachers should react to responses in such a way as to encourage student answers. Quick, certain responses that are correct need only affirmation that they are indeed correct. Correct but hesitantly given responses need the affirmation of correctness as well as praise and perhaps a short review of why the response is correct. Incorrect responses that are due to a careless error need only a quick reference to the error and time for the student to be allowed to provide the correct answer. Incorrect answers based on a lack of knowledge should be met with prompts and hints that may engage the needed information. Clarifying, rephrasing, or even changing the difficulty level may also assist these students (Schroeder, n.d.). Educators should provide students with every opportunity to get a correct answer but should not prolong the experience once it becomes obvious that the student lacks the knowledge needed. Third, instead of issuing orders teachers should present expectations as a challenge of something the student can and will do - positive expectancy. There are many procedures that will engender such an atmosphere. However, students sometimes resist the challenge even though a sense of positive expectancy has been created. Effective teachers will continue to work with the student and try to help him identify how to meet the expectation.Such teachers are engaging in tenacity (Saphier & Gower, 1987). Tenacious teachers engage in a "no excuses" policy. In this procedure the teacher will ask why the student is unable to meet the expectation. She will then refuse to accept such excuses. Work may be sent back to be done over; supplies may be procured and provided to the student; help and individual instruction may be offered more often; and eventually the consequences of the performance - superior, adequate, or poor - will be given without anger (Saphier & Gower, 1987).

Case Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Portfolio - Essay Example 4. Facts : â€Å"The City of Ferndale, Michigan, adopted a comprehensive ordinance regulating massage parlors. Parlor owners contested the constitutionality of the ordinance, claiming that the warrantless search provision was in violation of the Fourth Amendments prohibition of unreasonable searches. Court of appeals held the searches to be unconstitutional; City appealed.† (www.swlearning.com/blaw/cases/warrantless_searches.html) 8. Rule of the Case : The right against unreasonable searches exists under the Fourth Amendment but an exemption from the search warrant requirement exists for administrative inspections of closely regulated industries.( www.swlearning.com/blaw/cases/warrantless_searches.html) 9. Reasons : Persons choosing to engage in a pervasively regulated business know that their business will be subject to effective inspection. The right to privacy must be balanced with the right of the state’s police power. (www.swlearning.com/blaw/cases/warrantless_searches.html) 4. Facts : â€Å"The FDA was sued "from enforcing policies restricting certain forms of manufacturer promotion of off-label uses for FDA-approved drugs and devices." The policies are expressed through complex and detailed Guidance Documents controlling manufacturer distribution of reprints of medical textbooks and peer-reviewed journal articles, and manufacturer involvement in continuing medical education and symposia.† (www.swlearning.com/blaw/cases/fda_limits.html) 6. Issue(s) : Whether FDA could limit any pharmaceutical or medical device manufacturer or other person from disseminating to medical professionals articles and textbooks published by independent publishers and by bona fide peer-review journals. 9. Reasons : â€Å"The regulations in question violate the Supreme Court’s Central Hudson test for commercial speech. Less intrusive regulations could address the concerns of

Case Management in the Psychiatric ICU-The Clinical Governance Essay

Case Management in the Psychiatric ICU-The Clinical Governance Perspective - Essay Example The word Clinical Governance derives its roots from Corporate Governance, which aims at ensuring sound business and financial management. The term Governance therefore has significance in clinical practice since it addresses concerns about quality of health (Lazare 1987). Department of Health (1999) defines Clinical Governance as, "a framework through which NHS organisations are accountable for continuously improving the quality of their services and safe-guarding high standards of care by creating an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish". Clinical governance is aimed at improving the quality of clinical care at all levels of an organization by consolidating, codifying, and standardizing organizational policies and approaches, particularly clinical and corporate accountability (Scally & Donaldson, 1998). Clinical Governance is also explained as the ability to create an effective change in order to achieve improved quality of care. (O'Kelly,2003). It aims at ensuring that standards are adhered to and processes are mapped for continuous quality improvement Natalie Jones (2004). Its focus is on providing holistic care to patients and more than a structure, it is an ideology to be adopted and implemented by healthcare organizations. 1. There are seven key principles, commonly referred to as the seven pillars supporting Clinical Governance (Camden 2004;,South Leeds, 2005). These are explained below: 1. Clinical Audit: This refers to adherence of nationally set standards for clinical care by National Service Framework (NSF), and those set by the organization locally. Clinical audit also involves sharing information with others in the healthcare industry for benchmarking and exchange of best practices. Department of Health, Government of Western Autralia, n.d.) points out that "Clinical audit is the cyclical process of reviewing clinical performance, refining practice as a result and measuring the outcomes against agreed standards. Part of good clinical practice for generations, audit is practised at a number of levels, from regular morbidity and mortality reviews through to national studies. There are many successful examples of its application, such as the national audit of stroke, undertaken in the UK". 2. Clinical Effectiveness: Ensuring that patients get the right treatment is assurance of clinical effectiveness. This implies using evidence based medicine and keeping abreast with latest updates in medicine. 3. Patient and Public Involvement: Clinical governance emphasizes user participation. Patient's feedback to the service provided is an important precursor to quality improvement. 4. Risk Management : Optimum processes for service delivery is essential in minimizing risks to both patient and staff . Reporting of errors and lapses is a crucial step in risk management since it controls future errors. And though clinical governance places importance on robust systems to control lapses, it also recognizes that clinicians are human beings and can make errors. Recognizing the human element as an integral aspect of healthcare delivery gives great strength and wide acceptance to the concept of clinical governance. 5. Staffing and Staff Management: Encouraging teamwork and helping

International business Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International business - Movie Review Example The team shooting the documentary visited the largest U.S. landfill, known as Apex, based in Las Vegas, to show the viewers how landfills work. Then they travels to China, Beijing, and show the flip side or reverse of the story: looking into just a few of the hundreds of illegal dumpsites, which have emerged in the citys outskirts to deal with the rising waste produced by Chinas growing middle class (Hulu 1). The documentary leads to a report that is centered on advocating for recycling garbage, as well as the many opportunities it offers, whether it is plastic cans being remanufactured into textiles or waste foodstuff being repurposed into high-octane gas. According to the documentary, roughly 80% of what Americans discard into the waste system is recyclable. However, only 28% of these throwaways are recycled. This has lead to major destruction of the habitat as, for instance, waste is China is been thrown to major rivers that a used to supply water to the Chinese citizens (Hulu 1). Ways to solving these issues are easy and simply require individual effort. Each year, Americans throw plastic cups, paper, forks and spoons, which are enough to circle the equator a number of rounds. This is a lot of waste, which could simply be reduced by washing the dishes. Every American, on a yearly basis, uses approximately 1 billion shopping bags, leading to 300,000 tons of landfill waste (Hulu 1). A solution to this is through introducing reusable bags. Reusable bags will help curb this trend by reducing the 300,000 tons of wastage caused by these plastic bags. In the documentary, it was projected that 275 million tires were in unsold stocks (Hulu 1). This can cater as a breeding site for mosquitoes and a home for rodents as they keep heat. These piles also easily ignite, developing toxin-emitting, hard-to-put out fires, which can combust for months.

Homeland Security Advisory System Research Paper

Homeland Security Advisory System - Research Paper Example In line with its’ key mandate, the Department of Homeland Security developed the Homeland Security Advisory System, which according to Walsh et al. (2011), is a color-coded terrorism threat advisory scale. This present research paper mainly seeks to explore and discuss the creation, evolution, and the current state of the Homeland Security Advisory System. Creation of the Homeland Security Advisory System The Homeland Security Advisory System was formally created on 12th March 2002 after a Presidential Directive for providing a â€Å"comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist acts to Federal, State, and local authorities and to the American people.† According to Walsh et al. (2011), the Homeland Security Advisory System’s color-coded terrorism risk advisory scale used to inform the public as well as other concerned authorities on the level of terrorism threat for a particular place or region at any particular time . The indicators of threat were supposed to make the public alert at any time on the level of terrorism threat that is prevalent within their present environment or the nation at large. Therefore, in case of elevated, high, or sever level of threat, citizens are usually required to be extra cautious, report about any suspicious activity, and be prepared in case a disaster strikes. For example, in case the alert level is elevated, high, or sever citizens are usually asked to avoid crowded places and be on the lookout for suspicious characters. Moreover, after the creation of the system, all security procedures within government facilities were tied to the alert level issued by the Homeland Security Advisory System. Therefore, when the alert levels is elevated, high, or sever, the security checks at government facilities are usually heightened and there is extra patrol check on these facilities. It is vital to note that the adjustments made on the advisory scale are usually made based on intelligence reports that have been gathered by the Department of Homeland Security, the Central Intelligence Agency, and other relevant law enforcement agencies (Alperen, 2011). Evolution of the Homeland Security Advisory System After its creation, the Homeland Security Advisory System was headed by Mr. Tom Ridge, who was the then Assistant to the President for Homeland Security but the task of developing, implementing, and managing the system was vested to the office of the Attorney General. However, Alperen (2011) stated that exactly after nine months since the system was created it was merged with the White House Homeland Security Council and the Department of Homeland Security, which were both created after the enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002. This change was seemingly meant to ensure that these two bodies work in joint co-operation to increase their effectiveness and to ensure minimum conflict between the bodies as some of their tasks overlapped which each o ther. The merge that occurred also eliminated the office of the Attorney General from the task of administering the system and it was passed on to the Department of Homeland Security, which was in a better position to manage the system than a law office that was not even part of law enforcement a

Marketing Plan for Triumph Spares Limited Essay

Marketing Plan for Triumph Spares Limited - Essay Example Our market consist of both the final consumers and the b2b selling. However, it is noted that bulk of our sales are done through b2b channel, and only 20% of our sales is made to small customers through the shop. Therefore, we need to plan a strategy that will help us widen the both sectors and will lead to increase in the profits and revenues.The company has divided its market into two segments:Business Buyers: Here the deals are made with the other business and the company keeps a margin of 50%. This is the segment where the company earns the maximum revenue and almost 80% of its sales are made through this segment. Hence, we need to understand that this segment is most important to us in terms of its size and contribution to the profit. Hence, we need to devise a policy that sustains and grows the revenues earned from this segment. In other words, we can conclude that this is a priority segment for us. We need to look after this segment and need to give it much more importance and attention than the other sector. The sales made in this sector are in bulk and hence we can exploit on economies of scale if we continue to give importance to this sector given the size of this sector.General Public: This is the other market segment; we are currently selling our products to. Here the profit margins are high but the sales volume is very low, so we cannot rely just on this segment. We need to make sure that both the segments are sustained are served together if we need to maximize our profits.

Critically discuss how THREE selected environmental tools or methods Essay

Critically discuss how THREE selected environmental tools or methods could be applied to minimise the environmental impacts of - Essay Example Wind farms with many of such structures occupy a lot of space on the landscape. Onshore wind farms are always about three kilometres away from the shoreline. The turbines in these farms are located in hilly areas since wind blows heavily on hilly areas. Wind turbines cause landscape and visual effects depending on their number at a particular area, their height, size and colour. The effects may also depend on their site tracks, buildings, their grid connection, and â€Å"transmission lines† (Murgante et al., 2011). According to Ottmar et al (2011), wind turbines have a number of impacts on the environment. These include visual impacts, noise impacts, effects on land use, and effects on the birds that live around the wind farms. In addition, there are electronic interferences and constraints on the natural reserve areas. During the construction of a wind turbine, there are some pollutants that released into the atmosphere. The wind turbines are seen to be very noisy and they ar e also unsightly, thereby interfering with the natural beauty of â€Å"the landscape.† Sustainable Development Commission (2009) disagrees that wind farms are noisy and explains that the levels of noise from wind farm is equal to the background in rural places at night. Despite their negative impacts on the environment, onshore wind farms play a crucial part in achieving renewable energy targets. However, the many advantages that come with the farms can only be realised if proper planning is done. The contemporary wind farms are mostly large and not only help in environmental conservation, but also bring a lot of benefits to the communities that live around the farms. Among the advantages of using onshore wind farms is that wind is available free of charge and appropriate technology is available to harvest energy from wind as noted by Sustainable Development Commission (2009). Moreover, although the initial costs of installing wind turbines are high, maintenance cost are rela tively low after installation. It can also be used to generate power in rural areas where there is no power connection. Given the varying impacts to the humans, landscape aesthetics and the surrounding environment that implementation of such project poses; it is critical that environmental managers employ tools to manage this impacts. Thompson (2002) lists various tools and methods that can be used for environmental management and environmental performance improvement. To manage the impacts of the 40 turbine onshore wind farm project; EIA, LCA and GIS as the most appropriate environmental management tools. EIA has been selected because it helps to predict the impacts of a project and propose mitigation measures while GIS allows environmental managers make decision based on spatial relationship of features. LCA allows decision makers to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the life cycle of the project thereby facilitating decision making. Environmental Impact Management EIA is a tool used in decision-making whose main purpose is to not only identify and evaluate the likely environmental impacts of a given project (Glasson et al., 2005). EIA is

Retaining and Attracting Staff in Organisation Research Proposal

Retaining and Attracting Staff in Organisation - Research Proposal Example Key lessons and findings would be summarised and compiled to provide a useful reference that would be of benefit for any company of any size and in any part of the world in the task of facing this global challenge. First, the characteristic of the workplace is constantly changing because of the increasing globalisation of firms, which has affected firms in several ways such as raising the level of competition, demanding better performance and productivity from employees, and requiring higher standards of innovativeness, work values, skills and attitudes. This increased competition amongst firms has been extended from the marketplace for products and services and into the market for talented employees who need to be attracted and retained with the use of increasingly innovative and effective strategies. Second, the characteristics of the workforce -current, long-term, and incoming - are changing due to several factors, such as demographics, academic and professional qualifications, and job-related expectations. As companies compete and grow, they are increasing the demand for workers in a world where the population of talented workers is not growing as fast as the rise in demand. To take an example, companies need to attract and retain the highly educated Generation Y and the highly mobile Generation X (post-baby boom) and aging baby boomers. The research study will consider these two issues using updated findings based on primary and secondary research data as explained in the next section. The basic foundational materials for the study will be four of the latest research sources on the topic of attraction and retention of staff in organisations. The first is the latest Human Resources Salary Survey 2006/2007 conducted by the Tokyo (Japan)-based global recruitment and consulting agency Michael Page International (Leithead 2007) based on their experiences in global hiring and retention with a

Meaning Behind the Mark Essay Example for Free

Meaning Behind the Mark Essay Humans have ordained their bodies with tattoos for thousands of years. These permanent and artistic marks have always had a personal meaning. The beautiful marks that were so carefully and meticulously etched onto the skin have served many purposes. The tattoo showed signs of love and inspiration while others were used to ward off danger or to protect the human from certain dangers. Some people view tattoos as unnecessary marks on the human body, while others believe the tattoo represents life, death, and inspiration. The very first documented tattoo was found on a frozen mummy in today’s Maori. The mummy was 5,200 years old. Tattoos were also discovered on ancient female mummies in Northern Egypt. At first archeologists thought the mummies were slaves or servants to royalty but, the mummies were located in a queen’s tomb. The mummies had tattooed symbols throughout the body. Speculation among the archeologists was said to be that the tattoos are a healing power and were put on the body were it hurt. The mummies in the tomb are also documented to have small dots all over the abdomen and a tattoo of a small figurine on the tops of the thighs. The small figurine is believed to be that of the Bes God. Bes is the protector of women during labor. The women would tattoo a web like design all across their abdomens and down the pubic area when they became pregnant. It is written that by doing this it would keep them and their unborn child safe during pregnancy. (Lineberry, 2008). Along with the Egyptians several other cultures took up the art of tattooing. Woman in Borneo tattooed symbols on their forearms to indicate the skill that they were good at. If a woman wore the symbol to show she was a basket weaver, her status of marriageable material increased. Markings that were placed along the wrist and around the fingers were thought to ward off any illnesses. Greeks used tattoos to identify spies and normally the marks would indicate rank. Tattoos were also used to identify slaves who were owned by certain Roman families and the Romans also used tattoos to mark criminals. Unfortunately, this practice of marking criminals is still practiced today. Century after century tattoos continued to be an integral part of society. It was not until the late 1800’s that tattoos were seen in the U. S. and even then tattoos were mainly used by the American Indians. Native American Indians used tattoos as a way of recognizing tribe members. Tattoos were also used for spiritual reasons. â€Å"In America, the earliest records of tattoos come from ship logs, letters, and diaries written by sailors in the early 19th century. The most popular designs in traditional American tattooing evolved from various artists who traded, copied, swiped, and improved on each other’s works. † ( Vanishing tattoo, 2008). Soldiers and sailors who fought in both world wars used the various symbols. â€Å"Most of the designs represented courage, patriotism; defiance of death, and a longing for loved ones left behind. (Vanishing tattoo, 2008). During the Civil war several tattoo artists found employment in Washington, D. C The best-known tattooist of the time was a man from Germany named Martin Hildebrandt; he began his career in 1846. Martin Hildebrandt traveled a great deal and was welcomed in both Union and Confederate camps. Martin Hildebrandt establish ed what is to be considered the first American tattoo studio in 1870, in New York City. Another famous tattooist is Samuel O’reilly, he invented the first electric tattoo machine. Overnight tattooing in the USA was revolutionized. Vanishing tattoo, 2008). In America tattoos continued to gain popularity. Body ornamentation was spreading among western societies. Working class men wore tattoos primarily as a symbol of tough masculine pride. In the 1950s and 1960s the hippie movement turned to Asian tattooing techniques as personal expression of spiritual and mystical aestheticism. In 1970 the young generation of the punk movement used tattoos as symbols of rebellion in a political protest against society’s strict structure and values. In the eighties there was a decline in the percentage of men and women getting tattoos. This was primarily because tattoos were frowned upon. This trend of tattoos being unpopular continued until the 21st century where, tattoos today are considered body art. The continued popularity of tattoos has placed tattooists in the category of â€Å"fine artists. † (Tattoo you, 2008). As with any fad there comes’ a downside, for certain individuals who chose to get tattoos for personal reasons or self expression there are those who chose to use tattoos as a form of rebellion. Teenagers view tattoos as a way to rebel against their parents. With teenagers their impressionable minds can take one look at all the young and upcoming celebrities and if a teenager was to see a tattoo on their role model it might just be one excuse to rebel. A different point of view on tattoos would be gangs. Gangs will tattoo members with numbers or words to show status or rank. Gang members who are in prison will get a tattoo to show other prisoners exactly what gang they belong to. Former gang members who have found religion often will sport a tattoo of a cross or the word â€Å"Jesus† and the day, month, and year they were saved. Walker, R, 2007). Individuals whose religion is important to them have also branched out and have gotten tattoos. There is a new Christian movement where young adults are getting the letters WWJD tattooed on them. In addition, the Celtic cross is making a comeback among people with an Irish decent. Among those who get a tattoo for inspiration or self expression, there are those few individuals who will go to no end to transform themselves into something completely different. Dennis Avner a. k. a. Stalking Cat, has transformed his body into a tiger literally. On his website Avner tells his story of why he has dedicated his life to follow his heritage. His parents were of Horon and Lakota tribes and after talking to a Native chief, who reportedly had told him to â€Å"follow the way of the tiger,† Avner did just that. In 1985 he left his job as a sonar submarine technician for the Navy and began his journey. Avner has spent up towards $200,000. 00 dollars to have his whole body tattooed with black and orange strips. His teeth and nails have been filed down to emulate that of the tiger. Avner also had metal rods implanted into his cheeks so during the day he can attach whiskers. Avner said his â€Å"life long dream of reaching his goal of becoming a tiger will be complete after he gets skin grafts of real fur applied to his own skin. † (Avner, 2007). Dennis Avner is not the only individual to have had extensive body tattooing. A tattooed hermit known as the Leopard man is really named Tom Leppard. Tom Leppard who lives in Isle of Skye lives in complete solitude only going to town once a month for supplies. Tom Leppard told BBC television in a rare interview that â€Å"I spent too long in the forces, 20 years. I can not mix with ordinary people any more†. (Leppard, 2007). Tom Leppard is completely covered from head to toe in leopard spots. He is according to Guinness World records is the world’s most tattooed man. There are those individuals who use tattoos as a way to make a living for instance, the â€Å"Enigma† is a man who is tattooed from head to toe in a blue puzzle pattern and he works in side shows in a traveling circus. Another performer â€Å"The Lizard man† is covered head to toe in green scales, has had plastic surgery on his face so it resembles that of a lizard, and he had his tongue surgically cut to be forked like a snake. The Lizard man works in Las Vegas as a performer. Today tattoos can be seen in every culture whether it is a little butterfly or a whole body tattoo. Tattoos continue to grow in popularity and in the future tattoos may hold a purpose other than just art. Scientists in Germany are exploring the option of delivering a new generation of experimental DNA vaccines more effectively by using tattoos rather than standard injections into the muscle. â€Å"Delivery of DNA via tattooing could be a way for a far more widespread commercial application of DNA vaccines†, said Martin Mueller of the German Cancer research center of Heidelberg. In the experiment no ink is actually used. The scientists use the tattoo machine its self o inject the vaccines. The vibrating needle penetrates the muscle deeper than a regular hypodermic needle making for a more effective method although more painful. Tattoo vaccines will not be for everyone but, will be valuable for delivering certain therapeutic vaccines to fight cancer or other serious conditions, where some pain is acceptable. ( Mueller, 2008). Also in the future Philips electronics are working on advance technology that reacts to the human touch. Sensors are applied to various parts of the body and when certain emotions are triggered the sensors react and a tattoo is made across the body. This interactive method is being designed with couples in mind. There will always be some individuals who view tattoos as unnecessary, while others will use tattoos as a way to show self expression, rebel against a parent, or to completely transform themselves. Tattoos in the future may hold the key as a way to better deliver life saving treatment. In the future tattoos can help in hance a couple’s sexuality. No matter what tattoos are used for there will always be a meaning behind the mark.